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Wonder Of The Indian Architecture ‘BAWDI’

Abstract  :

Step well ( Bawdi) are certainly one of India’s most unique, but little known, contribution to architecture. In Architecture , a such art which come under Lalit Kala that are well or ponds which the water may be reached by descending a set of steps .They may be covered and protected and often of architectural significance and ornamental features, provides safety prosperity and stability. Architecture an important feature for aboriginals to make social infrastructure and social restriction . Bawdi has an important place in Architecture that is a spot of water accumulation, multi utility, multi storied having a bullock, grand sculpture well arranged,well established and square ,rectangular, spherical deep place with many flights . All forms of the step well are examples of the many types of storage and irrigation tanks that were developed in India, mainly to cope with seasonal fluctuations in water availability.

            The first rock cut step wells in India date from 200-400 A.D.. Subsequently, the construction of wells at Dhank (550-625 A.D.) and of stepped ponds at Bhinmal (850-950 A.D.) takes place.

            It is known as ‘step wells in English, Kalyani or Pushkarani in Kannada ,Vav or vaav in Gujarati , Barav in Marathi , Bawli or  Baori  or Bawdi  in Hindi .

            It’s formation  is useful as well as it glorifies the importance of architectural ornamentation . It is greatly elaborate in India arid region and also found in the other more arid region of the south Asia, extending into Pakistan. It is originated in India.  Keeping in view for the accumulation of water, resources of irrigation and supply of water .It has been developed to counter act the seasonal instability and unavailability of water.

            It’s care and management was very easy Bawdi which survive ever today are following the main purpose of their aim. These underground Bawdis were a formed and aimed for social and religious .There was the resting places for the passer by .In these Bawdis people found the image of god . So these Bawdis were the source of religion. Thus people had great respect for these Bawdis . Bawdi were constructed in such a way that contained water in it .throughout the year. These Bawdi s were the centre for the local festivals which were also the sources of regal amusement and both .Muslims ruler also formed these Bawdis besides the Hindu ruler, the motif was the same.

            Swimming pools in five stars hotels and courtyard of prosperous people is the changed form of these Bawdis.

            Some Bawdis decrease the temperature from 5°c to 6°c from its surface to bottom. This was because the base of the well provided relief from daytime heat, and more of such relief could be obtained if the well was covered. Step wells also served as a place for social gatherings and religious ceremonies. Usually women were more associated with these wells because they were the ones who collected the water. Some of the bowdis found in India seems not to be Man-made but to be made by jinnh and ghosts .If we have a glance over the history of Bawdis we find that some Bawdis are prepared in overnight.

            The great both of Indus Valley Mohenjo-daro about 2500 B.C.is the ancient Bawdi of India Which may be the predecessors of the step well. The Imambada of Lucknow is an epitome of unique architecture. The Bawdis which astonished of its formation are Chand Bawdi , Abhaneri Rajasthan. Surya Mandir Bawdi , Rani ki Vav –Patan Gujrat ,

            These ornamented carved Bawdi should be given administrational patronage like other monuments, So that it may be properly carved and preserved .Thus the posterity can be familiar with these Bawdis.